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Rectifying tower
Distillation column is a kind of tower-type gas-liquid contact device for distillation, and it is also a kind of mass and heat transfer device widely used in petrochemical production. High purity products are often required in petrochemical production, which can be obtained by distillation process.
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Product introduction
The core components of the distillation column mainly include: reboiler, condenser and distillation column.
Reboiler: The reboiler heats the kettle liquid to boiling, provides a certain flow of rising steam, and part of the kettle liquid is extracted as the tower kettle product.
Top condenser: Condenses the rising steam entering the top of the tower, and part of the condensate flows into the tower as the reflux liquid, and part of the condensate is produced as the top product.
Tray: the liquid phase and gas phase on the tray fully contact mixing, heat and mass transfer, each plate gas phase and liquid phase two-way mass transfer, rising steam part condensation, falling reflux part gasification, step by step to further separate the light and recombination. Each plate is equivalent to one distillation.
Product classification
There are many types of rectification towers, which can be generally divided into two categories: (1) Plate towers, gas-liquid two phases are generally countercurrent contact for many times, and gas-liquid two phases on each layer plate are generally cross-flow. ② Packed tower, gas-liquid two phase for continuous countercurrent contact.
Plate tower is a very widely used gas-liquid mass transfer equipment, which is composed of a usually cylindrical shell and a number of trays arranged horizontally at a certain distance. When the plate tower is working normally, the liquid is discharged from the bottom of the tower after passing through each layer of plate under the action of gravity. Driven by the pressure difference, the gas passes through each layer of tray from bottom to top through the hole distributed on the tray, and is discharged from the top of the tower. There is a certain liquid stored on each tray. When the gas passes through the liquid layer on the plate, the two phases contact for mass transfer.
Packed tower is a gas-liquid mass transfer equipment with a large number of fillers in the tower as interphase contact members. Its history dates back to the mid-19th century, and has since developed together with plate towers to form two different types of gas-liquid mass transfer equipment.
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